Motivation and Incentives -Best Sample Essay(2022)
This article discusses Motivation and Incentives.
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Fully discuss motivation and incentives and fully discuss two of the following: Frederick Taylor, Frederick Herzberg, Edward Deci or Victor Vroom Theories. (450 words)
Solution
Motivation and Incentives
Motivation refers to the behavioral process of initiating, guiding, and maintaining a goal. Motivation combines biological, reasoning, social, and emotional attributes. Motivation is the drive to do something. Motivation constitutes the observable behavior of why someone is doing something. People describe motivation as the willingness to do something and the driving force behind goal-oriented behavior.
Motivational factors such as desires and needs can be cultural, social, or lifestyle generated. Motivation is the primary reason to move forward. It involves both conscious and unconscious interactions. Mastering motivation develops sustainability and deliberate actionable behavior towards high-level achievement (Herzberg, 2017). Motivation guides voluntary choices.
Motivation can be extrinsic, coming from the outside, for instance, from other people, or intrinsic, internally generated, and wants an individual to be self-driven. Motivation can also be introjected, coming from the inside, and if not done, individuals develop the guilt feeling, or identified, which involves the knowledge of something that needs to be done but still not decided to do it. Motivation helps people take action, improves efficiency, helps people have more control over their lives, and improves the overall well-being and personal satisfaction.
An incentive is an external factor of motivation. It is something that drives someone to do something or take action in a specific way. Anything that attracts attention and promotes motivation can be considered an incentive. Incentives are variable rewards towards the achievement of particular results. Incentives enhance productivity. Incentives can be social, economic, or moral. Economic incentives involve money.
Extra money is given for extra input and efficiency. Social incentives include teamwork and engagement. People are motivated and encouraged to do more when other team members’ offer help (Milne, 2007). Moral incentives revolve around self-esteem and admiration. When a person is highly admirable among others, they are likely to be motivated and offer more. Sometimes, organizations use promotion, recognition, and designations as incentives.
Incentives encourage people to work hard, improve work-flow, efficiency, productivity, and dedication. However, some companies can exploit their employees using incentives. Money-related incentives can encourage malpractices and disputes among employees.
There are multiple motivation theories, such as Frederick Herzberg and Frederick Taylor pedagogies. Frederick Taylor argues that pay and money is the only motivation for workers, “what the workmen want from employers beyond anything else is higher wages: what employers want from workmen most of all is low labor costs in manufacture.” The theory suggests more money for more input and efficiency. It encourages an autocratic leadership at the workplace, where managers tell employees what to do as long as they give more money (Kulesza, Weaver & Friedman, 2011).
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According to Taylor, workers do not usually enjoy working, and they need close monitoring. Managers’ breakdown functions to make employees more manageable. Pay should be based on employee input. This situation is a win-win since workers earn more to give more. Herzberg’s motivation theory analyzes employee satisfaction and dissatisfaction factors in the workplace. These factors are independent of each other.
Motivation factors or satisfiers include recognition, achievement, workplace nature, responsibility, growth opportunities, and advancement. Dissatisfaction factors also hygiene elements include company policy, working relationships, supervision, status, security, and administration (Ogunnaike, Ekweme, Adeyemo & Okedurum, 2017). Hygiene elements work to prevent workplace dissatisfaction, and their absence or inadequacy causes employees’ dissatisfaction at work.
References
Herzberg, F. (2017). Motivation to work. Routledge.
Kulesza, M. G., Weaver, P. Q., & Friedman, S. (2011). Frederick W. Taylor’s Presence in 21st Century Management Accounting Systems and Work Process Theories. Journal of Business & Management, 17(1).
Milne, P. (2007). Motivation, incentives, and organizational culture. Journal of knowledge management.
Ogunnaike, O. O., Ekweme, B. G., Adeyemo, O. M., & Okedurum, D. (2017). THE Frederick Herzberg Two Factor Theory of Job Satisfaction and Its Application to Business Research.
Question –
Fully discuss motivation and incentives and fully discuss two of the following: Frederick Taylor, Frederick Herzberg, Edward Deci or Victor Vroom Theories. (450 words)