Week 2 Assignment: Global Lessons in Security – Police Organization in Different Countries
Week 2 Assignment: Global Lessons in Security – Police Organization in Different Countries – The police force in Israel is responsible for fighting crime, controlling traffic, countering terrorism, and maintaining public safety…
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Week 2 Assignment: Global Lessons in Security – Police Organization in Different Countries
Solution
Police Organization in Different Countries
Israel
The police force in Israel is responsible for fighting crime, controlling traffic, countering terrorism, and maintaining public safety. Police are under the Minister of Public Security’s jurisdiction. Its national headquarters is at Kiryat HaMemshala. There are different operational units, including the border police, Yaman for counter-terrorism, Yasam for on-call counter-terrorism, National Traffic Police for traffic enforcement, and Civil Guard comprised of part-time volunteers that form the majority of the police officers. The Lahav 433 unit investigates national crimes, the International Investigation Department assesses police personnel wrongdoing, and the Israel Police Bomb Disposal Unit investigates suspicious objects like explosives. Every unit has a division in the various districts.
United Kingdom
The UK police services are organized around the Office of Constable and the police force. Every officer, regardless of rank, holds the Office of Constable, which gives them authority to detect, prevent, and investigate crimes. Every officer is also a police force member, which coordinates and organizes crime-fighting activities. Officers and other police personnel in the police force receive commands from their chief constable (OSCEPOLIS, n.d.). Forty-eight civilian police forces exist in the UK. There are also the Metropolitan Police Service, Serious Organized Crime Agency, Regional Police, British Transport Police, and police operating with the Criminal Justice System.
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Canada
There are three police services levels in Canada, including municipal, provincial, and federal. The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) is the Canadian police force that combines international, federal, provincial, and municipal police services. National Police investigates federal-level crimes. RCMP oversights police operations in eight provinces (OSCEPOLIS, n.d.). RCMP also provides police services to smaller Canadian municipalities. Some RCMP police officers operate in courts, maintaining law and order.
Germany
In Germany, police services are divided between 16 federal states. The Federal Police and the Federal Criminal Police operate out of the federal level. The Federal Intelligence Service and the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution also partake in security matters. There are multiple police services, including the State Police, which prevents and prosecutes local crimes, and Federal Police ensures border security and protection of federal buildings and facilities.
The Federal Criminal Police Office controls relations of federal and state-level police forces. The Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution prevents unlawful constitution interference (OSCEPOLIS, n.d.). Other services include the German Police University that conducts training, Border Security Agencies, Joint Counter-Terrorism Centre, Joint Centre for Countering Extremism and Terrorism, and GSG-9, National Cyber defense Centre (NCAZ), and the Criminal Justice System.
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France
There are three centralized police forces in Germany, the National Police, National Gendarmerie, and Municipal Police. The National Police is responsible for urban areas. It is a civilian force that ensures law observation and enforcement. The National Gendarmerie is under the Ministry of Interior and acts as a military institution that ensures public safety (OSCEPOLIS, n.d.). The Municipal Police conducts urban policing, prevents crime, and ensures public order in urban boundaries daily. Police officers operate in the Criminal Justice System with the power of investigation.
Japan
Prefectural police departments enforce the law in Japan. Under the National Public Safety Commission, the National Police Agency ensures the police forces act as an apolitical body without the influence of the central government. Two law enforcement officials exist in Japan, including Police officers of Prefectural Police Departments and Special Judicial Police officials who deal with fields that require specialized expertise. Special Judicial Police officials include the Imperial guards, prison guards, narcotics agents, authorized fisheries inspectors, and coastal guard officers.
European Union
Europol is the EU police force that handles criminal intelligence and other international organized crimes such as terrorism. Europol draws power from the contribution of competent authorities in the member states. These authorities in member states approve of agency officials before arresting suspects since the agency has no executive powers (OSCEPOLIS, n.d.). The agency has more than 1065 officials. The Europol receives support from EU institutions, including the Commission, the Council, and the Parliament, in facilitating law enforcement within the EU.
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Muslim Immigration into Europe
The Muslim population is growing rapidly within European countries. The population has increased drastically since after WW II. There are more than 25 million Muslim members within European countries. Conditions that have contributed to the Muslim population surge include war adjustment and decolonization, labor migration, restrained migration, socialism dissolution, and, more recently, family reunification and marriage policies.
Due to instability and war in the Middle East countries, most people were displaced and sought opportunities of living abroad, especially in European countries. European countries provided refuge to war victims and refugees. The EU conventions protect refugees, especially from unstable countries such as Syria and Somalia. The new immigrants join many Muslims who came to work and seek education from the 1970s, and those who had stayed for a long time got opportunities to gain citizenship, after which Muslims brought in their families through family reunification and marriage policies.
The rise of radicalization has been attributed to many factors, including Islamophobia and stigmatization of the growing Muslim population within European countries. Muslims have become part of social, economic, and religious changes in Europe. In most countries, Islam and liberal democracy have seemed incompatible, and the minorities within have embraced extremism and support of violence as an approach to effect social change (Trip, Bora, Marian, Halmajan & Drugas, 2019).
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With the growing Islamophobia and restrictions on immigration and citizenship awarding, the minority Muslims have developed extremist ideologies and believe in supporting terrorism. The extremist groups believe that fear, terror, and violence are justified to realize political and social change.
References
- Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe. (n.d.). Police. Retrieved from https://polis.osce.org/country-profiles/
- Shearing, C. D., Stenning, P. C., Marshall, T. (2013). Police in Canada. Retrieved from https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/police
- Trip, S., Bora, CH., Marian, M., Halmajan, A., & Drugas, MI. (2019). Psychological Mechanisms Involved in Radicalization and Extremism. A Rational Emotive Behavioral Conceptualization. Front. Psychol. 10:437. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00437
- The University of Minnesota. (2015). Muslim Migration to Europe. Retrieved from https://cla.umn.edu/ihrc/news-events/other/muslim-migration-europe
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